EVs represent a new paradigm in medicine and biology due to their ability to carry and transfer a complex functional biological material that compresses proteins, RNAs, lipids, and metabolites to recipient cells. The role of EVs in intercellular, interspecies, and interkingdom communications is increasingly recognized today. Similar to a mammalian cell, intra and extracellular vesicles of a plant cell are involved in many physiological processes, including transport and defense. At EVs & MS lab we have consolidated experience in the extraction of nanovesicles from different plant materials. So far, we have extracted nanovesicles (NVs) from

• Citrus species
• Tomato fruit, leaves, and root exudate
• Coconut water
• Feijoa sellowiana fruit
• Grapes
• Strawberry
• Ginger root
• Cucumber
• Apple
• Pomegranate

At EVs & MS lab, these innovative biomaterials are under exploitation for human health due to their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and tissue regenerative properties, as well as to their valuable impact on the gut microbiome. Moreover, EV-like structures from edible plants were isolated with the aim to transform them into vectors for various applications including drug, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical delivery.

Our recent study at EVs & MS shows that EVs released by plant roots show antifungal activity by carrying a complex protein toolset for plant resistance.